上周五(国内周六),由北美留学生网举办的线上系列讲座之“中美角力,赴美学生是受益人还是牺牲品?”如期举行啦。讲座开始前1天所有的报名名额就已经被抢光了,没能抢到名额的小伙伴们不用担心,小编通过刷录播给大家写总结啦!

本期讲座主讲人为达特茅斯学院终身教授Prof.Dirk Vandewalle,北美留学生网规划名师Dylan Li,主持人为Tilda。讲座围绕着近期来美国针对中国留学生出台的各种政策对中国留学生未来赴美留学的影响展开讨论,解答了14大常见问题,并回答了参与的学生及家长的各类问题。让我们快来看看都讲了些什么吧!

1. 局势分析
QUESTION 1
Is it safe to go to U.S. now? Depends on the current situation, do you think the Virus and the social unrest will last until the election, or even the end of the year?
现在去美国安不安全,目前美国的疫情和动乱会不会持续到11月大选甚至今年结束?
• Despite some recent incidents, there should be little concern about physical safety for Chinese students at US colleges or universities

• The impact of the virus will last throughout the remainder of this year, and likely beyond. This will have a major impact on the application process for Chinese students, their ability travel to the US, and to attend classes

• Although social unrest is likely to continue for a while, it is unlikely to affect the educational system and, more specifically, visa issues for Chinese students

感谢教授的回答,他也了解到现在很多留学生对于安全的这个问题呢有很大的顾虑,一般情况下在他认为美国的院校当中(无论是高中或是大学)只要是身处校园的中国留学生都会受到学校里边妥善的保护,所以很少会有人会因为人身安全的问题感到比较大的顾虑。关于新冠病毒,持续性一定是比较大的,这个持续性非常有可能会持续到下一年。因为这个疫情的影响是极大的,包括对我们申请的程序啊,办理到美国签证的申请,以及学生到校园实地上课都产生了比较重大的影响。那么很多的高校里也都针对这些情况做出了相关的调整。比如院校里边参考用本人亲自到校上课和网上上课不同的模式合并在一块,给不同的学生有相对的应对的方式。相应的社会的动荡可能也会持续一定的时间,不过对教育系统方面影响会比较小,尤其是对于中国学生。政府方面也会想办法为我们的中国学生提供方便,帮助我们获得签证,到学校里来就读。

2. 政策分析
QUESTION 2
Trump issued an executive order suspending the entry of target Chinese graduates from the military-linked schools into the country. How long will this restriction last?
美国新颁布的禁止“军民融合院校的中国学生入境”的政策会持续多久?
• This is viewed by the US administration as a security issue—an issue furthermore, to varying degrees, enjoys a lot of traction across the political spectrum in the US.

• Much will depend on the outcome of the November presidential elections

• Even if a democratic administration comes to power, it will likely take a few months or more to get any possible restrictions lifted—and there will undoubtedly remain in place a more intense scrutiny of Chinese students coming from PLA-associated universities

• If the Trump administration remains in power, and since the executive order targets this as a national security issue, it is likely that these restrictions could last for years

• If the Trump administration remains in power there is a likelihood that the executive order could eventually expand to non-PLA universities that have strong STEM programs.

根据教授最近看到的材料,川普最近颁布的新政主要和七所中国大学有所关联。我们之后会针对这几所学校进行相关的介绍。关于安全问题方面其实是主要集中在两个国家之间的政治关系层面,如果在政治方面的关系继续恶化,很可能除了军校联合院校的学生之外,科技,技术,工程,数学等等专业的学生也会受到影响。未来不论是民主党还是共和党上台执政,旧的政策也一定是需要一定的时间才会被推翻。如果未来川普成功连任,这个对军校联合学院学生们的限制在接下来几年非常可能持续。但根据目前的状态,除了军民联合里面特殊的专业,其他的专业还是没有受到非常大的波及。同学们可以相对的放心一些

QUESTION 3
What universities in China would be defined as affiliated with the People’s Liberation Army?
中国的哪些学校会受到影响?
• At this point the affiliation is restricted to Northwestern Polytechnical University, Harbin Engineering University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Nanjing University of Science and Technology.

• It is likely that if restrictions are tightened that other strong STEM programs from a wider circle of universities would be targeted.

• Remember that the PLA has programs in many more universities than those now targeted

刚刚教授跟我们提到了七所院校,西北工业大学、哈尔滨工程大学、北京理工大学、哈尔滨工业大学、北京航空航天大学、南京航空航天大学、南京理工大学。那么这七所是目前我们得到了相对比较可靠的信息,会在接下来川普执政期间受到比较大的影响。目前相关政策每一天都在变,甚至每一个小时甚至都有调整。所以我们建议学生们在接下来的时间里多多关注相关的政策信息,多多和有经验的咨询老师联系,来确保自己能够在第一时间获取到最新的相关资讯。

针对这个问题,我也想做一点补充:

在没有最近的这一政策影响下,作为军校(国防七所)的学生原本出境就具有一定的困难。我曾经有一位学生,学习的是爆炸技术与科学的专业,当他向我咨询美国留学申请的事宜时,我告诉他这个专业确实很敏感,即便拿到offer,在办理签证时也会遇到困难。所以我们劝他做好充分的打算和考虑,建议选择其他国家,或者更好的方法就是在国内继续深造。随着两个国家之间关系的缓解,我们肯定会看到更加利好政策会逐步出现。目前这个阶段来说,受影响的仅仅是这七所学校的本科毕业,专业和军民联合有所关系并且想来美国学习的研究生们,其他专业和院校的学生们不会受到重大创伤。

QUESTION 4
Will this restriction be applied to all the students from the PLA universities or only to particularly students in the sciences and technology majors? What majors will be affected or waived?
是否不论专业都会被限制?哪些专业会被影响/豁免?
• So far this will only affect roughly 3,000 out of 360,000 Chinese students in the US, limited to very specific programs that have security implications

• If the US-China difficulties continue, it is possible—perhaps likely—that the restrictions could be applied much more widely to all university programs, either at the now targeted universities or more broadly at universities across China that even have weaker connections to the PLA.

刚刚教授也谈到,这个问题其实是非常政治化的问题。我们其实很难预估川普政府在未来会进行哪些政策的变动,目前颁发的政策都是基于保护美国安全而做出的政策变更。截至目前,影响到的人群其实是非常小的人群。如果我们以36万在美中国留学生为基数,影响到的人数大概为3000人,仅占0.83%。但未来如果两国之间继续交恶,也非常有可能或扩及其他专业的学生,但我们也能看到很多大学也比较依赖于中国学生的加入,很多学校希望中国学生们能够来充实他们的学校。

QUESTION 5
Will the visas be revoked for certain graduate students and researchers already in US with ties to entities which support Beijing’s military strategy?
如果被此条政令限制,但是人已经在美国,签证是否会被取消?
• Certainly for those students coming from the now targeted universities, there is a good chance that visas and research permissions may be revoked.

• It is likely that this “targeting” will be extended to students in sensitive programs at all US research universities

如果说我们之前的院校属于上述七所学校,从现在的政策来推算,确实非常有可能被撤销来美的签证,也可能被禁止在美国参加实习,或者被禁止在美国相关的机构里参加相关的工作。我们也应该看到这个也是和政治联系非常密切的问题。我们很难预测未来政策的变化,但目前来看,确实敏感专业的学生会非常直接的受到政策的牵制。但我们也相信同学们只要在保持合法身份的前提下,做好自己本职工作,并不会对自己造成巨大的影响。如果自己的工作正好处在敏感的行业中,我们要做的就是和学校保持密切的联系,向他们告知我们现在的情况,一旦在政策方面有所调整,学校也一定第一时间会和这些相关的学生沟通和联系。教授也提到了,很多学校看到了中国学生身上巨大的潜力,非常欢迎中国学生的加入。未来政策会向越来越好的方向去走,只是目前还处在两国政策相互较量的阶段。

QUESTION 6
For Chinese students not affected by the executive order but plan to study STEM, will it be risky to apply for the student visa?
不受此条政令限制的中国学生若是未来想要读理工科专业,签证会有风险吗?
• There will be a lot more scrutiny of Chinese students who want to pursue graduate level STEM-related studies, whether from the now targeted universities or others.

• The admittance rate of Chinese students to STEM graduate programs is likely to diminish but nevertheless remain robust—US universities rely in part on Chinese students for advanced research in STEM-related areas.

教授提到:无论我们是STEM里的任何一个专业,在我们进行签证的申请之前,我们都应该仔细地去了解一下美国对于安全政策方面的一个规定到底是什么。我稍微拓展一下,比较敏感的专业,比如生物化学,来美国之前都会被进行行政审查,1-3个月,美国的相关机构会判断学生来美国的风险,判断学生是否以窃取高级机密为目的。行政审查通过之后,拿到的签证往往只有1年有效期,而不是5年。很多中国学生都会希望进入STEM专业,这类专业的录取设置非常严谨,未来这类专业的录取率和就读率可能会受到相关政策的影响有下降趋势。但是录取要求不会降低,严谨的态度会一直保持下去。目前我们应该要去做的还是稳定自己学术的状况,保持比较高的学术水平。

QUESTION 7
Will the visa policy affect younger applicants, like Undergraduate level and High school level?
签证会不会对年龄小的人也有影响,例如本科甚至高中?
• For now there is no evidence at all that high school and university-level Chinese students will be targeted for visa applications.

• In a worst case scenario, the administration could exclude undergraduate Chinese students from colleges, universities and high schools, but there would be an enormous pushback, so I think it’s unlikely

• There is a silver lining to this: Chinese college/university and high school students are an important source of income for many institutions, particularly after covid19 induced financial difficulties, so again enormous pushback would also be very likely here.

• I see particularly high school and undergraduate admission as growing in the years ahead.

目前没有任何证据表明年龄比较小的申请人(本科,高中或更小)会受到这个政策的影响。所以我们可以放心在高中本科的阶段来到美国学习,不会受到相关的限制。如果美国政府把所有中国留学生排除在大学和高中之外,会给国家造成非常大的财务压力。在疫情影响之下,很多院校的收入,越来越依赖于国际学生。

在未来几年里,我们非常乐观的认为,年龄段比较低的学生升学率会越来越高越来越好。来自我个人的建议,在我们最近研究相关的政策和法规的时候,我们很多家长会产生不安,因此我们认为,如果在我们有条件有资本的情况下,可以早一点把孩子送出国。如果对安全有顾虑的话,可以等到两个国家之间关系相对平稳一点之后。但不论什么情况下,留学申请都不能临时抱佛脚。只有做好充分准备,才能够在面临不同的申请难度的情况下游刃有余。

QUESTION 8
Any advice for those got visa rejection
被拒签了怎么办?
• First question: what exactly was the reason for the visa rejection?

• Visas are usually denied for non-academic reasons since admission to a school is usually required to receive a visa

• Make sure all requirements are met, and that documentation if complete and accurate for the visa application

• Ask for a possible review of the application once the conditions for denying it are remedied

• Need to keep in mind that applications will likely be more thoroughly scrutinized, and hence that it will take much longer to get applications reviewed

首先,应该自己询问签证官,被拒签的原因,这是我们合法的权力

如果我们拿到了i20表格,就意味着我们有权利去申请赴美签证。教授也提醒我们,在申请签证之前做好充分准备:

1. 资金。充足的资金证明自己有能力承担生活费和学费

2. 证明自己是严谨的学生。补充:我见到过很多学生完全不了解申请的过程,依赖于中介,签证官有时候会问及一些关于学校的问题,例如学校在哪里,为什么选择这个学校等等,如果学生都表示不知道,签证官就会认为这个学生并没有做好全部的思想准备前往美国的这所学校去生活。因此对于我们申请的学校同学们应该有基本的了解和认识,但不建议百度,推荐通过学校官网来了解学校的相关信息。

3. 我们一定要向签证官证明,未来我们读完书之后我们是要回中国的。有时候签证官不会直接问,而是侧面敲击,因此我们要做的是制定好未来的归国计划。比如告知父母亲人仍旧留在国内,或者自己毕业后归国的职业规划等。

未来签证审查的工作会越来越严格,审查时间也会越来越长,我们一定要尽早做好准备,尽早地预约。

QUESTION 9
Do you think international students can still stay at U.S.? For example, the adjustment for the visa policy is the first step, the government may change the rule for CPT/OPT/H1b
将来还能不能留在美国,例如签证会不会只是第一步,下一步还会对工作签证动刀?
• Except for those directly targeted because of PLA connections, the answer is definitely YES, but everyone should be aware that there will likely be a number of increased practical difficulties.

• Although there may be some tightening up regarding visas, I do not expect at this point that CPT and OPT will be affected—and highly unlikely that Chinese students would be singled out. Again, there would be way too much pushback against this

• Caveat: this is an administration that has taken some remarkably out-of-the box policies so anything is possible

• For H-1B visas—already difficult to obtain—I think it will be very, very difficult for Chinese citizens to get them as long as this administration is in power.

上述提及的七所院校的学生会受到直接影响。这些学生未来应该做好相关的思想准备,不论是OPT,CPT,或者工作签证可能都会比较困难。尽管政策方面针对这些人群有所缩紧,但教授不认为在CPT,OPT这些阶段里面会单独针对中国学生,甚至禁止中国学生获得OPT或者CPT的机会,因为这样也会对美国造成比较大的影响。并且这是非常巨大的政策,受到影响的人群会非常多,所以我们认为这个可能性不是非常大。此外教授也提到,目前来说已经看到大量证据证明,H1B非常难以获得,尤其是针对这些敏感专业的人群。也包括接下来即将要进行H1B申请的人群,可能都会受到影响。只要川普政府继续执政,对于中国学生们来说H1B都会非常困难。从我本人的经验来说,以前工作签证不会对申请人的收入有所影响,但是目前工作签证对申请者的年收入的要求从8万美金提升到了15万美金甚至更高。这个其实也给我们提了一个醒,只有让自己技术过硬,让自己基础扎实,我们才有机会在市场上和其他人进行竞争。

未完待续
更多干货,请看《【讲座总结-下】中美角力,赴美留学生是受益人还是牺牲品?》
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